Appendix
Scientific Research and Development Department of
East European University (EEU)
Tbilisi
2021
Sample of Scientific Paper
Varying Definitions of Online Communication and Their Effects on Relationship Research
Elizabeth L. Angeli
Professor, Doctor of Science
University of Oklahoma
1. Introduction - Essence of the problem, Actuality of the topic and definitions of the key concepts;
2. Main Body - Conducted research;
3. Conclusion - Results and Recommendations;
4. References – Resources used throughout the research;
5. Abstract - Brief yet thorough overview of the paper:
Introduction/Purpose of the topic:
Your goal in this section is to introduce the topic to the reader, provide an overview of previous research on
the topic and identify your own hypothesis. Justify why it is important for the reader to learn more about.
Methodology:
- Participants (In this part of the method section, you should describe the participants in your
experiment including who they were, how many there were, and how they were selected. Include
details about how your participants were chosen, who they were, and any unique features that may
set them apart from the general population);
- Materials (Describe the materials, measures, equipment, or stimuli used in the experiment. This may
include testing instruments, technical equipment, books, images, or other materials used in the
course of research. If you used some type of psychological assessment or special equipment during
the course of your experiment, it should be noted in this part of your method section);
- Design (Describe the type of design used in the experiment. Specify the variables as well as the levels
of these variables. Clearly identify your independent variables, dependent variables, control variables
and any extraneous variables that might influence your results);
- Procedure (Explain what you had participants do, how you collected data, and the order in which
steps occurred).
Results:
Should Justify Your Claims, provide and accurate look at what you found in your study. If your hypothesis
expected more statistically significant results, don't omit the findings if they failed to support your
predictions.
Conclusions/Implications:
What might your results indicate and what directions does it point to for future research.
General Rules of Structuring Scientific Paper
Main Body
● A 4 paper format – 8.27’’ x 11.69’’
- Title of the Scientific Paper, Author’s name/surname (bold), Academic rank, degree and
university affiliation (italics) should be centered. Do not format title of the research paper with
bolding, italics, underlying or quotation. All main words of the title should be capitalized. Font
size - 12;
- Author’s photo – Size 3X4 sm.
- Volume of Scientific Paper – including list of applied literature (except abstract) should not
exceed 12 pages. Font-Times New Roman font size – 11, 1.5 spaced between the lines,
- Margins: 2.54 sm. at each side;
- The first line of each paragraph should be indented by 5-7 positions;
- Place the footnotes at the bottom of the page, double-spaced in the Arabic numerical order,
font size-10, 1.0 spaced between the lines;
● Titles of subsections is written separately from the text.
● Lists or Seriation:
- Separate paragraphs or long sentences (such as steps in a procedure) should use numbered lists.
See sample paper at the end of this Guide.
- Short words within a paragraph should use lowercase letters enclosed in parentheses, e.g. (a)
word, (b) word, and (c) word.
- Use numbered or lettered lists.
● Illustrations (Tables, Figures, Appendixes) should be followed immediately after the Applied
Literature Page sequentially labelled, e.g. Table 1; Table 2 or Figure 1, Figure 2 or Appendix A,
Appendix B, etc.
- Tables – start each on a new page; the caption is above the table.
- Figures – start each on a new page; the caption is below the figure.
- Appendixes – Start each on a new page.
References
I. Book
1. Printed
Anderson, D. (2001). Beyond change management: Advanced strategies for today’s transformational
leaders. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer.
2. E-book
Penny, J. (2010). Outliers: The story of success [Review of the book Outliers, by M. Gladwell].
Personnel Psychology, 63(1), 258-260. Retrieved from http://www.personnelpsychology.com
II. Article
1. Book Chapter from a Collection of Works by Various Authors
Goodman, M. (1955).Organizational inertia or corporate change momentum. In D. P. Cushman & S.
Sanderson (Eds.), Communicating organizational change: A management perspective (pp. 95-
112). Albany, NY: New York Press.
2. Newspaper Article (Print)
Dunlap, K. (2017, August 14). Love for antique tractors crosses family’s generations.
Indianapolis Star,p. 8A.
3. Online Newspaper Article
Kang, C. (2010, February 10). Google to launch turbo-speed Internet trials. The Washington
Post. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com
4. Magazine Articles
Damiano, P. (2010, December/January). Incredible India. Working Mother, 33 (1), 50–52.
5. Journal/Periodical Articles
Holmes, O., IV. (2010). Redefining the way we look at diversity: A review of recent diversity
and inclusion findings in organizational research. Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion International Journal,
29(1), 131–135. doi:10.1108/02610151019255
6. In Press Article
Kiran, K. (in press). Service quality and customer satisfaction: Perspectives from academics.
Library Review. Retrieved from http://www.emeraldinsight.com
7. Newsletter Article, no author
Learning to write using APA writing style.(2009, October).APA Writing Newsletter. Retrieved from
http://www.indwes.edu/ocls/APA/newsletter.pdf
III. Broshure
American Heart Association. (n.d.).Heart disease [Brochure]. Dallas, TX: Author. DiSC classic:
Personal profile system 2800 [Brochure]. (2001). Minneapolis, MN: Inscape Publishing.
IV. Thesis and Dissertation Technical Reports, Research Reports, Non-Newspaper or Journal Articles
Mayhew, J. A. (2008). Adult learners’ perceptions of their employers’ leadership behaviors and
their own readiness for self-directed learning (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from
Pro Quest Dissertations& Theses Global database. (UMI No. 3344706)
V. Technical Reports, Research Reports, Non-Newspaper or Journal Articles
Lund, P. (2004, December 28). Technical report on management and ICT practices in PV
buildings (NNE5/2001/264D14.2). Retrieved from http://www.pvnord.org/meny/pdf
/Task%204.2%20Management%20and%20ICT%20Final%20report.pdf
VI. Web Pages
Reh, F. J. (2016, July 20). Level 3 management skills. Retrieved October 13, 2017, from
https://www.thebalance.com/level-3-management-skills-2275892 Note: a retrieval date was used for
this one because this author notes that the creator of the web page changes articles but retains one
access URL.
VII. Legislation, Statutes and Regulations
Protection and Affordable Care Act; HHS Notice of Benefit and Payment Parameters for 2012,
78 Fed. Reg. 15410 (March 11, 2013) (to be codified at 45 C.F.R. pts. 153,
155,156,157,& 158).
Citing Sources in Text
● Quoting - Quoting a source is when you take the words exactly as they appear in the source.
Examples
One Author
● (Jones, 2010, p. 456).
● Jones (2010) noted “…” (p. 456)
Two authors
● (Smith & Jones, 2009, para. 7).
● Smith and Jones, (2009) acknowledged “…” (para.7).
Three authors to five authors
● Smith, Jones, & Brown, 2009, Section Company History), for the first time, the source is cited. After
that, for that source, use (Smith et al., 2009, section Company History).
● Smith, Jones, and Brown (2009) maintained”…” (p. 16). The next time that source is used it would be,
Smith et al. (2009) writes “…” (p. 16).
Six or more authors
● The first time the source is used, note the first author with et al. White et al. (2010) proposed….
● Any citation with more than seven authors also has a certain way to cite in the References list. The first six authors are all written out in the order they appear in the source. Then use three ellipses and list the last author listed. So if the source you are citing as 12 authors, write out the first six listed on the source and the 12th author. Authors in the seventh through eleventh positions are completely omitted. Here is an example of an article that has ten authors:
● Logan, L., Harley, W. B., Pastor, J., Wing, L. S., Glasman, N., Hanson, L., . . . Hegedahl, P.
(1996). Observations on the state of empowerment in today’s organization.
Empowerment in Organizations, 4(1), 6–11.
https://doi.org/10.1108/09684899610111025
● No author
● Use the first few words of the title, since the title has now moved to the first position in the
References entry.
● For articles from periodicals, use quotation marks around the title and capitalize all significant words.
(“Fun Learning APA,” 2010, p. 23)
● For books, online technical reports, use italics just like the title displays in the References list, but
the significant words are capitalized, unlike the corresponding References entry. (Using APA to
Write Scholarly, 2013, p. 277). See example in the sample paper at the end of the document. There is
an in text citation for “Servant Leadership,” n.d., para. 1) and its corresponding References entry in the
References list.
● Corporate author
● Corporate author that is readily recognized by their acronym. (United Nations [UN], 2008, section
History).
● Corporate author with no acronym or an acronym that is not easily recognized or is used by multiple
organizations/companies. (Lawrence North High School, 2000, p. 5).
Abstract
- Abstract should be followed by the List of Applied Literature and should be placed
on a new page;
- Title of Scientific Paper – Centered, font - Times New Roman, font size – 12;
- Author’s name/surname (bold), Academic rank, degree and university affiliation
(italics) should be centered, font size – 11; Word ’’Abstract’’ should be centered, bold,
font size – 12;
- 1.5 spaced between the lines,
- Margins: 2.54 sm. at each side;
- The first line of Abstract should not be indented, while key words (maximum 5 words)
that is followed by the abstract, should be indented (italics).
- Abstract should not exceed one page (maximum 300 words)
Sample of the List of Applied Literature
References
Cummings, J. N., Butler, B., & Kraut, R. (2002).The quality of online social relationships.
Communications of the ACM, 45(7), 103-108.
Hu, Y., Wood, J. F., Smith, V., & Westbrook, N. (2004). Friendships through IM: Examining the
relationship between instant messaging and intimacy. Journal of Computer-Mediated
Communication, 10, 38-48.
Tidwell, L. C., & Walther, J. B. (2002). Computer-mediated communication effects on
disclosure, impressions, and interpersonal evaluations: Getting to know one another a
bit at a time. Human Communication Research, 28, 317-348.
Underwood, H., & Findlay, B. (2004). Internet relationships and their impact on primary
relationships. Behavior Change, 21(2), 127-140.
Sample of Abstract
Varying Definitions of Online Communication and Their Effects on Relationship Research
Elizabeth L. Angeli
Professor, Doctor of Science
University of Oklahoma
Abstract
This paper explores four published articles that report on results from research conducted on online
(Internet) and offline (non-Internet) relationships and their relationship to computer-mediated
communication (CMC). The articles, however, vary in their definitions and uses of CMC. Butler and
Kraut (2002) suggest that face-to-face (FtF) interactions are more effective than CMC, defined and
used as “email,” in creating feelings of closeness or intimacy. Other articles define CMC differently
and, therefore, offer different results. This paper examines Cummings, Butler, and Kraut’s (2002)
research in relation to three other research articles to suggest that all forms of CMC should be
studied in order to fully understand how CMC influences online and offline relationships.
Keywords: Computer-mediated communication, Face-to-face communication
Samples of the Table &Chart
GOOD LUCK!
EEU Scientific Research and Development Department